What is the definition of probable cause?

Probable cause is defined as the presence of articulable facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a crime is occurring or has occurred. This concept is foundational in law enforcement as it justifies actions such as arrests and searches without a warrant. The requirement for probable cause ensures that law enforcement actions are based on facts rather than mere speculation or unparticular intuition.

In this context, articulable facts are specific details obtained through observation or investigation that can support the belief that criminal activity is taking place. These facts must be more than just a vague suspicion; they must be substantial enough to warrant further legal action. This distinction is critical, as it serves to protect citizens from arbitrary law enforcement actions while also allowing officers to act effectively when legitimate concerns arise.